Asking Questions ...
Applying an Archetype
Fieldbook,  pg 121, Michael Goodman

Applying the archetypes prompts us to fill in gaps in our thinking
and telling more complete stories.  By showing feedback (reinforcing
and balancing) relationships, the templates visually portray the
interconnected nature of our world (mouse-over the pictures here).

Archetypes are a natural vehicle for clarifying and testing mental
models about the system.  They are also powerful tools for coping
with astonishing number of details that frequently overwhelm
beginning systems thinkers.

As you work with archetypes, and they become second nature,
they will become part of your diagnostic repertoire and be able to
talk about systemic issues at a surprisingly sophisticated level.


Steps in applying archetypes:
Choosing an archetype. You start by making guesses.  You
may have to trust your intuition at first.  Some people worry
that they will apply the “wrong” archetype, misdiagnose the
problem and make things worse.  In practice, this doesn’t
happen, because by definition, people initially pick archetypes
that hold interest for them.  The fact that they are interested
in one particular systems story is a clue that it probably
applies, at least enough to start there.
Keep alert for the archetype stories which seem to run
analogously to your own story.  Generalizing your story –
omit details to simplify it and looking at it from a more distant
perspective – can help you place it.
One good clue is finding a pattern of performance that seems
to sum up the behaviour of the archetype
Add your elements to the story.  Start with the core loop that
seems to drive the behaviour of the system.  This loop often
closely matches the pattern of behaviour over time, and
often depict what people in the system are paying the most
attention to.
Work around the structure.   About each element, ask: What’
s causing changes in this element?  What influences it to
vary?  Or if you get stuck, try working forward: What is the
effect when this variable changes?  What other elements
must change?  If you still get stuck, go back to the story.  
Are there key elements which you have left out?  Where do
they link to the archetypes?
It’s particularly valuable to include any elements which are at
least partly under your influence: if you can change the
relationship of your organisation with the customers, seeing
that element as part of a vicious cycle may lead to insights
about how you can influence the whole system.
When you have applied an archetype, check the patterns of
behaviour you would expect to see.  Does it match the
patterns you have seen in your own history?
Here's why!
It always seemed to work before; why is it not working now?